TIRAP polyclonal antibody

Mammalian Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognize conserved products of microbial metabolism and activate NF˚B and other signaling pathways through the adapter protein MyD88. MyD88 functions as an adapter protein in the association of IL-1 receptor associated kinase (IRAK) with the IL-1 receptor. MyD88 contains a characteristic N-terminal death domain, which is essential for NF˚B activation, and an adjacent Toll/Il-1R homology domain (TIR domain), which is responsible for signal transduction. TIR domain-containing adapter protein (TIRAP), also designated MAL (MyD88 adapter-like), wyatt or TLR-4 adaptor protein, is a cytoplasmic TIR-domain-containing protein that activates NF˚B, Jun N-terminal kinase and extracellular signal-regulated kinase-1 and -2. TIRAP forms homodimers and heterodimers with MyD88. IRAK-2, but not IRAK, is required for the activation of NF˚B by TIRAP which associates with IRAK-2 through the TIR domain. In addition, TIRAP associates with TLR-4, suggesting that it plays a role in TLR-4 signal transduction.