GluR2 Antibody / GluR3 Antibody, 100ul

GluR2/GluR3 antibody targets Glutamate receptor 2 and Glutamate receptor 3, encoded by the GRIA2 and GRIA3 genes, respectively. These proteins are ligand-gated ion channel subunits of the AMPA-type glutamate receptor family and are key mediators of fast excitatory synaptic transmission in the central nervous system. GluR2 and GluR3 are transmembrane proteins that assemble as tetrameric receptor complexes at the postsynaptic membrane, either as homomeric or heteromeric assemblies with other AMPA receptor subunits. Their localization to excitatory synapses underlies their essential role in rapid neurotransmission and synaptic signaling.<br><br>Functionally, GluR2 and GluR3 contribute to the formation and regulation of AMPA receptor channels that mediate sodium influx in response to glutamate binding. A defining feature of GluR2 is RNA editing at the Q/R site within the channel pore, which renders GluR2-containing AMPA receptors impermeable to calcium. This property has a major impact on neuronal excitability and synaptic stability. GluR3, while structurally similar, does not undergo the same editing and can influence receptor kinetics, trafficking, and synaptic plasticity when incorporated into receptor complexes. A GluR2/GluR3 antibody supports studies focused on excitatory neurotransmission and receptor composition.<br><br>Expression of GRIA2 and GRIA3 is widespread throughout the brain, including cortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and other regions involved in learning, memory, and sensory processing. These subunits are enriched at postsynaptic densities of excitatory synapses and are dynamically regulated in response to neuronal activity. Changes in GluR2 and GluR3 expression or synaptic localization are associated with synaptic strengthening or weakening, making them important markers for studies of synaptic plasticity and circuit remodeling. Analysis of GluR2/GluR3 distribution provides insight into how excitatory synapses adapt during development and experience-dependent processes.<br><br>From a biological and disease-relevance perspective, GluR2 and GluR3 have been extensively studied in neurological and neuropsychiatric disorders. Alterations in AMPA receptor subunit composition, including changes in GluR2 or GluR3 expression, have been linked to epilepsy, ischemic brain injury, neurodegenerative diseases, and psychiatric conditions. Dysregulation of GluR2-containing receptors can increase calcium permeability and contribute to excitotoxic neuronal damage. As a result, GluR2/GluR3 is frequently investigated in research examining synaptic dysfunction and disease-associated changes in excitatory signaling.<br><br>At the molecular level, GRIA2 and GRIA3 encode proteins with apparent molecular weights of approximately 100 kDa, though electrophoretic mobility can vary due to glycosylation and receptor assembly state. Each subunit contains multiple transmembrane domains and large extracellular regions involved in ligand binding and channel gating. Receptor function is regulated by phosphorylation, trafficking, and interaction with scaffolding proteins at the synapse. A GluR2/GluR3 antibody supports research applications focused on synaptic biology, glutamatergic signaling, and nervous system research, with NSJ Bioreagents providing reagents intended for research use.

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