Perforin Antibody / PRF1, 20ug

Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Perforin Antibody recognizes Perforin, a calcium-dependent pore-forming protein encoded by the PRF1 gene. Perforin is a critical effector molecule of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells, where it is synthesized, stored in secretory granules, and released upon immune synapse formation. Following antigen recognition, Perforin is exocytosed and inserts into the membrane of target cells, forming transmembrane pores that allow granzymes to enter and initiate apoptosis. This tightly regulated mechanism is central to antiviral defense, tumor immunosurveillance, and elimination of intracellular pathogens.<br><br>Perforin belongs to the membrane attack complex/perforin (MACPF) protein family and contains a conserved MACPF domain responsible for pore formation. The protein also includes calcium-binding regions that regulate its conformational change and membrane insertion. Under resting conditions, Perforin remains sequestered within cytotoxic granules to prevent unintended tissue damage. Upon activation of cytotoxic lymphocytes, controlled secretion ensures targeted killing of infected or transformed cells while minimizing collateral injury to surrounding tissues.<br><br>The PRF1 gene is located on chromosome 10 and is predominantly expressed in activated CD8-positive T cells and natural killer cells. In lymphoid organs such as spleen, tonsil, and lymph node, Perforin-positive cells are typically scattered within germinal centers and interfollicular regions, reflecting the distribution of activated cytotoxic lymphocytes. Cytoplasmic granular staining is the expected localization pattern in immunohistochemistry due to storage within lytic granules.<br><br>Genetic mutations in PRF1 are associated with familial hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis and other immune dysregulation syndromes, highlighting the essential role of Perforin in maintaining immune homeostasis. Altered expression levels have also been studied in cancer immunology, transplant rejection, and autoimmune disease research. Quantifying Perforin expression can provide insight into cytotoxic immune activity within tumor microenvironments or inflammatory lesions.<br><br>This Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Perforin Antibody (clone PRF1/9681R) is a recombinant monoclonal antibody suitable for detecting PRF1 expression in research applications. A Cytotoxic Lymphocyte Perforin Antibody supports studies of cell-mediated cytotoxicity, immune activation status, and functional characterization of cytotoxic lymphocyte populations in normal and diseased tissues.

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